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Mederic Mouterde

External collaborator in Anthropology & Pharmacogenomics

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  • Joint analysis of phenotypic and genomic diversity sheds light on the evolution of xenobiotic metabolism in humans. Genome Biol Evol 2022 Nov;():. 10.1093/gbe/evac167. 6852765.

    abstract

    Variation in genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME) can influence individual response to therapeutic treatment. Study of ADME genetic diversity in human populations has led to evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation to distinct chemical environments. Population differentiation in measured drug metabolism phenotypes is however scarcely documented, often indirectly estimated via genotype-predicted phenotypes. We administered seven probe compounds devised to target six cytochrome P450 enzymes and the P-glycoprotein activity to assess phenotypic variation in four populations along a latitudinal transect spanning over Africa, the Middle East and Europe (349 healthy Ethiopian, Omani, Greek and Czech volunteers). We demonstrate significant population differentiation for all phenotypes except the one measuring CYP2D6 activity. GWAS evidenced that the variability of phenotypes measuring CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 activity was associated with genetic variants linked to the corresponding encoding genes, and to additional genes for the latter three. Instead, GWAS did not indicate any association between genetic diversity and the phenotypes measuring CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein activity. Genome scans of selection highlighted multiple candidate regions, a few of which included ADME genes, but none overlapped with the GWAS candidates. Our results suggest that different mechanisms have been shaping the evolution of these phenotypes, including phenotypic plasticity, and possibly some form of balancing selection. We discuss how these contrasted results highlight diverse evolutionary trajectories of ADME genes and proteins, consistent with the wide spectrum of both endogenous and exogenous molecules that are their substrates.

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  • Uncovering a Genetic Polymorphism Located in Huntingtin Associated Protein 1 in Modulation of Central Pain Sensitization Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2022 ;16():807773. 10.3389/fnins.2022.807773. PMC9274135.

    abstract

    Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by widespread pain and increased sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus or tenderness. While familial aggregation could suggest a potential hereditary component in FMS development, isolation of genetic determinants has proven difficult due to the multi-factorial nature and complexity of the syndrome. Central sensitization is thought to be one of the key mechanisms leading to FMS in a subset of patients. Enhanced central pain signaling can be measured using the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex (NFR) or RIII threshold. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using an array to genotype 258,756 human genetic polymorphisms in 225 FMS patients and 77 healthy volunteers and searched for genetic variants associated with a lowered NFR threshold. We have identified a potential association between a single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a common non-synonymous coding mutation in the Huntingtin associated protein 1 () gene (rs4796604, MAF = 0.5) and the NFR threshold ( = 4.78E-06). The Hap1 protein is involved in trafficking and is particularly enriched in neurons. Our results suggest a possible involvement of the neuronal trafficking protein HAP1 in modulating pain signaling pathways and thus participate in the establishment of the NFR threshold.

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  • Demographic history was a formative mechanism of the genetic structure for the taste receptor TAS2R16 in human populations inhabiting Africa's Sahel/Savannah Belt. Am J Biol Anthropol 2021 Nov;():. 10.1002/ajpa.24448.

    abstract

    Mode of subsistence is an important factor influencing dietary habits and the genetic structure of various populations through differential intensity of gene flow and selection pressures. Previous studies suggest that in Africa Taste 2 Receptor Member 16 (TAS2R16), which encodes the 7-transmembrane receptor protein for bitterness, might also be under positive selection pressure.

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  • Safety of the Geneva Cocktail, a Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein Phenotyping Cocktail, in Healthy Volunteers from Three Different Geographic Origins. Drug Saf 2020 Aug;():. 10.1007/s40264-020-00983-8. 10.1007/s40264-020-00983-8.

    abstract

    INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Cytochrome P450 enzymes are the major drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans and the importance of drug transport proteins, in particular P-glycoprotein, in the variability of drug response has also been highlighted. Activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein can vary widely between individuals and genotyping and/or phenotyping can help assess their activity. Several phenotyping cocktails have been developed. The Geneva cocktail is composed of a specific probe for six different cytochrome P450 enzymes and one for P-glycoprotein and was used in the context of a research aiming at exploring genotypes and phenotypes in distinct human populations (NCT02789527). The aim of the present study is to solely report the safety results of the Geneva cocktail in the healthy volunteers of these populations.

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  • Humans and Chimpanzees Display Opposite Patterns of Diversity in Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Genes. G3 (Bethesda) 2019 Jul;9(7):2199-2224. 6228500. 10.1534/g3.119.400223.

    abstract

    Among the many genes involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) genes have been extensively studied, due to their medical importance both in pharmacogenetics and disease epidemiology. One member of this small gene family, NAT2, is established as the locus of the classic human acetylation polymorphism in drug metabolism. Current hypotheses hold that selective processes favoring haplotypes conferring lower NAT2 activity have been operating in modern humans' recent history as an adaptation to local chemical and dietary environments. To shed new light on such hypotheses, we investigated the genetic diversity of the three members of the NAT gene family in seven hominid species, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Little polymorphism sharing was found among hominids, yet all species displayed high NAT diversity, but distributed in an opposite fashion in chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan genus) compared to modern humans, with higher diversity in Pan species at NAT1 and lower at NAT2, while the reverse is observed in humans. This pattern was also reflected in the results returned by selective neutrality tests, which suggest, in agreement with the predicted functional impact of mutations detected in non-human primates, stronger directional selection, presumably purifying selection, at NAT1 in modern humans, and at NAT2 in chimpanzees. Overall, the results point to the evolution of divergent functions of these highly homologous genes in the different primate species, possibly related to their specific chemical/dietary environment (exposome) and we hypothesize that this is likely linked to the emergence of controlled fire use in the human lineage.

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  • Humans and Chimpanzees Display Opposite Patterns of Diversity in arylamine N-acetyltranferase Genes. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics Early online May 13, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400223

    abstract

    Among the many genes involved in the metabolism of therapeutic drugs, human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) genes have been extensively studied, due to their medical importance both in pharmacogenetics and disease epidemiology. One member of this small gene family, NAT2, is established as the locus of the classic human acetylation polymorphism in drug metabolism. Current hypotheses hold that selective processes favoring haplotypes conferring lower NAT2 activity have been operating in modern humans' recent history as an adaptation to local chemical and dietary environments. To shed new light on such hypotheses, we investigated the genetic diversity of the three members of the NAT gene family in seven hominid species, including modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Little polymorphism sharing was found among hominids, yet all species displayed high NAT diversity, but distributed in an opposite fashion in chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan genus) compared to modern humans, with higher diversity in Pan species at NAT1 and lower at NAT2, while the reverse is observed in humans. This pattern was also reflected in the results returned by selective neutrality tests, which suggest, in agreement with the predicted functional impact of mutations detected in non-human primates, stronger directional selection, presumably purifying selection, at NAT1 in modern humans, and at NAT2 in chimpanzees. Overall, the results point to the evolution of divergent functions of these highly homologous genes in the different primate species, possibly related to their specific chemical/dietary environment (exposome) and we hypothesize that this is likely linked to the emergence of controlled fire use in the human lineage.

    view more details on Pubmed

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