- publication
- 08-04-2024
The transition from fins to limbs has been a rich source of discussion for more than a century. One open and important issue is understanding how the mechanisms that pattern digits arose during vertebrate evolution. In this context, the analysis of gene expression and functions to infer evolutionary scenarios has been a productive approach to explain the changes in organ formation, particularly in limbs. In tetrapods, the transcription of genes in developing digits depends on a well-characterized set of enhancers forming a large regulatory landscape. This control system has a syntenic counterpart in zebrafish, even though they lack digits, suggestive of deep homology between distal fin and limb developmental mechanisms. We tested the global function of this landscape to assess ancestry and source of limb and fin variation. In contrast to results in mice, we show here that the deletion of the homologous control region in zebrafish has a limited effect on the transcription genes during fin development. However, it fully abrogates expression within the developing cloaca, an ancestral structure related to the mammalian urogenital sinus. We show that similar to the limb, gene function in the urogenital sinus of the mouse also depends on enhancers located in this same genomic domain. Thus, we conclude that the current regulation underlying gene expression in distal limbs was co-opted in tetrapods from a preexisting cloacal program. The orthologous chromatin domain in fishes may illustrate a rudimentary or partial step in this evolutionary co-option.
voir sur Pubmed